Review on the Biology of African Horse Sickness Virus and Its Vector
Demessa Negessu,
Takale Worku
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2020
Pages:
50-61
Received:
4 August 2020
Accepted:
19 August 2020
Published:
16 September 2020
Abstract: There are many infection and non infection disease those can decrease productivity of equine and even destroy their life. From those African horse sickness which caused by African horse sickness virus is the most characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates on equine. According to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, the virus was Family: Reoviridae, Subfamily: Sedoreovirinae and Genus: Orbivirus which shares many morphological and structural characteristics with the other members of this genus, Bluetongue virus and Equine encephalosis virus. This virus double stranded RNA virus which contains two different proteins with nine serotypes. Transmission of this virus is based on presence of culicoidmidget arthropod mainly Cullicoides specious (c. imucola). This blood feeding arthropod transmit virus mechanically and transovarially, however entrance of the virus through different mechanism that virus used based on protein contains. Replication is done by replicate enzyme of virus in host cytoplasm & virus protein translation by host machinery. From all sero-type AHS types 1-8 are considered to be highly pathogenic for horses and disease results in high mortality (90-95%). This virus resistant to different chemical, temperature range and PH value due to presence of some proteins. Cullicoides have different specious those are small insect, obligate blood sucker. In general, after surveillance was done for both virus and insect, control and prevention of African horse sickness is overcome by flow control strategy of virus and insect. Even though this review have best contribution during develop control strategy.
Abstract: There are many infection and non infection disease those can decrease productivity of equine and even destroy their life. From those African horse sickness which caused by African horse sickness virus is the most characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates on equine. According to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, the virus...
Show More
Characterization of Reproductive and Productive Performance of Indigenous and Crossbreed Dairy Cows in Angot District, North Wollo Zone, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2020
Pages:
62-69
Received:
4 October 2020
Accepted:
19 October 2020
Published:
23 October 2020
Abstract: The study was undertaken in Angot district, North Wollo Zone, Ethiopia from June 2019 up to March 2020. The objective of the study was of characterize the reproductive and productive performance of indigenous and crossbred dairy cow in Angot district. The participatory rural appraisal (PRA) method was used to generate information during exploratory survey and 100 households were selected for formal survey by using random and purposive sampling technique. The estimated daily milk yield of local and crossbred cow was found to be 1.32±0.11 and 4.62±0.35 liters, respectively. The mean lactation length for local and crossbred dairy cow were reported by the respondents were 9.15±0.63 and 10.8±1.02 months, respectively. The estimated lactation yield of local and crossbred dairy cow in the study area was 365.42±1.96 and 1565.65±11.98 liters, respectively. The average age at first service of local and crossbred dairy heifers in the study area was 34.5±2.71 and 23.41±1.54 months, respectively. The age at first calving (AFC) of the indigenous and crossbred was 45.13±2.31and 34.51±1.94 months, respectively. The average calving interval of local and crossbred dairy cows in the study area were 18.38±1.05 and 15.52±0.97 months, respectively. The estimated average number of calf per lifetime of cow in the study area was 6.21±0.32 (for local) and 9.59±0.49 (for crossbred). The average reproductive lifetime of local and crossbred dairy cows in the study rea ware 16.21±0.27 and 14.07±0.23 years, respectively. The calculated reproductive efficiency of local and crossbred dairy cows were 46% and 77.53%, respectively. In conclusion, the present study indicated that the reproductive performance of dairy cow in the study area was low, thus it calls attention to improve management system to improve the reproductive performance of dairy cows.
Abstract: The study was undertaken in Angot district, North Wollo Zone, Ethiopia from June 2019 up to March 2020. The objective of the study was of characterize the reproductive and productive performance of indigenous and crossbred dairy cow in Angot district. The participatory rural appraisal (PRA) method was used to generate information during exploratory...
Show More
