The Effects Different Inclusion Levels of <i>Gliricidia sepium </i>on Sasso Chickens’ Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality

Jonathan Justinian Mwiru; Ismail Saidi Selemani; Said Hemed Mbaga

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijast.20250904.13

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The Effects Different Inclusion Levels of Gliricidia sepium on Sasso Chickens’ Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality

Jonathan Justinian Mwiru^*

, Ismail Saidi Selemani

, Said Hemed Mbaga

Published in International Journal of Animal Science and Technology (Volume 9, Issue 4)

Received: 27 September 2025 Accepted: 9 October 2025 Published: 31 October 2025

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Abstract

The study was conducted to assess carcass yield and meat quality of Sasso chickens using Gliricidia sepium leaf meal (GLM) as a replacement for Soybean meal (SBM). Two hundred (200) day-old Sasso chicks were brooded for 21 days and then randomly allocated to five treatment groups using a completely randomized design, with each treatment replicated three times. The experiments diets included the standard control diet with 0% GLM (T0) containing 100% soybean meal, and four experimental where soybean meal was progressively replaced with Gliricidia leaf meal (GLM) at 25% (T1), 50% (T2), 75% (T3), and 100% (T4). All diets were subjected to proximate analysis. Results showed that slaughter weight differed significantly (P<0.05). The T1 with 25% inclusion of GLM achieved the highest and slaughter weight 2038.2 g, respectively. In addition, the 25% inclusion had the highest DP (70.0%) and breast weight (398.3 g). High Dry Matter (DM) was observed in chickens fed T1 (26.8% of GLM) and the trend decreased as the level of GLM inclusion increased in the diet. The CP levels were highest in 25% GLM inclusion 26.2%. The highest EE, was observed in 75% GLM (1.4%). Furthermore; the results indicated that meat color differed significantly in terms of yellowness (p<0.05). Breast and drumstick had the highest yellowness values and were observed in 100% GLM (13.9) and 75% GLM (12.1), respectively. The highest cooking loss was observed in 100% GLM (33.1%). Low meat pH was exhibited in treatment with 50% GLM (pH=5.9). The study concluded that, replacing a portion of SBM with GLM up to 75% did not alter the carcass yield, most of the meat chemical composition and overall meat quality.

Published in	International Journal of Animal Science and Technology (Volume 9, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijast.20250904.13
Page(s)	197-206
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Carcass Composition, Chemical Composition, Sasso Chickens, Soybean Meal, Gliricidia Sepium

References

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APA Style

Mwiru, J. J., Selemani, I. S., Mbaga, S. H. (2025). The Effects Different Inclusion Levels of Gliricidia sepium on Sasso Chickens’ Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality. International Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 9(4), 197-206. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20250904.13

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ACS Style

Mwiru, J. J.; Selemani, I. S.; Mbaga, S. H. The Effects Different Inclusion Levels of Gliricidia sepium on Sasso Chickens’ Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality. Int. J. Anim. Sci. Technol. 2025, 9(4), 197-206. doi: 10.11648/j.ijast.20250904.13

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AMA Style

Mwiru JJ, Selemani IS, Mbaga SH. The Effects Different Inclusion Levels of Gliricidia sepium on Sasso Chickens’ Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality. Int J Anim Sci Technol. 2025;9(4):197-206. doi: 10.11648/j.ijast.20250904.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijast.20250904.13,
  author = {Jonathan Justinian Mwiru and Ismail Saidi Selemani and Said Hemed Mbaga},
  title = {The Effects Different Inclusion Levels of Gliricidia sepium on Sasso Chickens’ Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality
},
  journal = {International Journal of Animal Science and Technology},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {197-206},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijast.20250904.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20250904.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijast.20250904.13},
  abstract = {The study was conducted to assess carcass yield and meat quality of Sasso chickens using Gliricidia sepium leaf meal (GLM) as a replacement for Soybean meal (SBM). Two hundred (200) day-old Sasso chicks were brooded for 21 days and then randomly allocated to five treatment groups using a completely randomized design, with each treatment replicated three times. The experiments diets included the standard control diet with 0% GLM (T0) containing 100% soybean meal, and four experimental where soybean meal was progressively replaced with Gliricidia leaf meal (GLM) at 25% (T1), 50% (T2), 75% (T3), and 100% (T4). All diets were subjected to proximate analysis. Results showed that slaughter weight differed significantly (P<0.05). The T1 with 25% inclusion of GLM achieved the highest and slaughter weight 2038.2 g, respectively. In addition, the 25% inclusion had the highest DP (70.0%) and breast weight (398.3 g). High Dry Matter (DM) was observed in chickens fed T1 (26.8% of GLM) and the trend decreased as the level of GLM inclusion increased in the diet. The CP levels were highest in 25% GLM inclusion 26.2%. The highest EE, was observed in 75% GLM (1.4%). Furthermore; the results indicated that meat color differed significantly in terms of yellowness (p<0.05). Breast and drumstick had the highest yellowness values and were observed in 100% GLM (13.9) and 75% GLM (12.1), respectively. The highest cooking loss was observed in 100% GLM (33.1%). Low meat pH was exhibited in treatment with 50% GLM (pH=5.9). The study concluded that, replacing a portion of SBM with GLM up to 75% did not alter the carcass yield, most of the meat chemical composition and overall meat quality.
},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Effects Different Inclusion Levels of Gliricidia sepium on Sasso Chickens’ Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality

AU  - Jonathan Justinian Mwiru
AU  - Ismail Saidi Selemani
AU  - Said Hemed Mbaga
Y1  - 2025/10/31
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20250904.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijast.20250904.13
T2  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
JF  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
JO  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
SP  - 197
EP  - 206
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-1312
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20250904.13
AB  - The study was conducted to assess carcass yield and meat quality of Sasso chickens using Gliricidia sepium leaf meal (GLM) as a replacement for Soybean meal (SBM). Two hundred (200) day-old Sasso chicks were brooded for 21 days and then randomly allocated to five treatment groups using a completely randomized design, with each treatment replicated three times. The experiments diets included the standard control diet with 0% GLM (T0) containing 100% soybean meal, and four experimental where soybean meal was progressively replaced with Gliricidia leaf meal (GLM) at 25% (T1), 50% (T2), 75% (T3), and 100% (T4). All diets were subjected to proximate analysis. Results showed that slaughter weight differed significantly (P<0.05). The T1 with 25% inclusion of GLM achieved the highest and slaughter weight 2038.2 g, respectively. In addition, the 25% inclusion had the highest DP (70.0%) and breast weight (398.3 g). High Dry Matter (DM) was observed in chickens fed T1 (26.8% of GLM) and the trend decreased as the level of GLM inclusion increased in the diet. The CP levels were highest in 25% GLM inclusion 26.2%. The highest EE, was observed in 75% GLM (1.4%). Furthermore; the results indicated that meat color differed significantly in terms of yellowness (p<0.05). Breast and drumstick had the highest yellowness values and were observed in 100% GLM (13.9) and 75% GLM (12.1), respectively. The highest cooking loss was observed in 100% GLM (33.1%). Low meat pH was exhibited in treatment with 50% GLM (pH=5.9). The study concluded that, replacing a portion of SBM with GLM up to 75% did not alter the carcass yield, most of the meat chemical composition and overall meat quality.

VL  - 9
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Jonathan Justinian Mwiru

Department of Animal, Aquaculture and Range Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0000-5555-2150
Ismail Saidi Selemani

Department of Animal, Aquaculture and Range Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0388-0069
Said Hemed Mbaga

Department of Animal, Aquaculture and Range Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4043-6629

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APA Style

Mwiru, J. J., Selemani, I. S., Mbaga, S. H. (2025). The Effects Different Inclusion Levels of Gliricidia sepium on Sasso Chickens’ Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality. International Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 9(4), 197-206. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20250904.13

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ACS Style

Mwiru, J. J.; Selemani, I. S.; Mbaga, S. H. The Effects Different Inclusion Levels of Gliricidia sepium on Sasso Chickens’ Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality. Int. J. Anim. Sci. Technol. 2025, 9(4), 197-206. doi: 10.11648/j.ijast.20250904.13

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AMA Style

Mwiru JJ, Selemani IS, Mbaga SH. The Effects Different Inclusion Levels of Gliricidia sepium on Sasso Chickens’ Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality. Int J Anim Sci Technol. 2025;9(4):197-206. doi: 10.11648/j.ijast.20250904.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijast.20250904.13,
  author = {Jonathan Justinian Mwiru and Ismail Saidi Selemani and Said Hemed Mbaga},
  title = {The Effects Different Inclusion Levels of Gliricidia sepium on Sasso Chickens’ Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality
},
  journal = {International Journal of Animal Science and Technology},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {197-206},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijast.20250904.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20250904.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijast.20250904.13},
  abstract = {The study was conducted to assess carcass yield and meat quality of Sasso chickens using Gliricidia sepium leaf meal (GLM) as a replacement for Soybean meal (SBM). Two hundred (200) day-old Sasso chicks were brooded for 21 days and then randomly allocated to five treatment groups using a completely randomized design, with each treatment replicated three times. The experiments diets included the standard control diet with 0% GLM (T0) containing 100% soybean meal, and four experimental where soybean meal was progressively replaced with Gliricidia leaf meal (GLM) at 25% (T1), 50% (T2), 75% (T3), and 100% (T4). All diets were subjected to proximate analysis. Results showed that slaughter weight differed significantly (P<0.05). The T1 with 25% inclusion of GLM achieved the highest and slaughter weight 2038.2 g, respectively. In addition, the 25% inclusion had the highest DP (70.0%) and breast weight (398.3 g). High Dry Matter (DM) was observed in chickens fed T1 (26.8% of GLM) and the trend decreased as the level of GLM inclusion increased in the diet. The CP levels were highest in 25% GLM inclusion 26.2%. The highest EE, was observed in 75% GLM (1.4%). Furthermore; the results indicated that meat color differed significantly in terms of yellowness (p<0.05). Breast and drumstick had the highest yellowness values and were observed in 100% GLM (13.9) and 75% GLM (12.1), respectively. The highest cooking loss was observed in 100% GLM (33.1%). Low meat pH was exhibited in treatment with 50% GLM (pH=5.9). The study concluded that, replacing a portion of SBM with GLM up to 75% did not alter the carcass yield, most of the meat chemical composition and overall meat quality.
},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Effects Different Inclusion Levels of Gliricidia sepium on Sasso Chickens’ Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality

AU  - Jonathan Justinian Mwiru
AU  - Ismail Saidi Selemani
AU  - Said Hemed Mbaga
Y1  - 2025/10/31
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20250904.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijast.20250904.13
T2  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
JF  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
JO  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
SP  - 197
EP  - 206
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-1312
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20250904.13
AB  - The study was conducted to assess carcass yield and meat quality of Sasso chickens using Gliricidia sepium leaf meal (GLM) as a replacement for Soybean meal (SBM). Two hundred (200) day-old Sasso chicks were brooded for 21 days and then randomly allocated to five treatment groups using a completely randomized design, with each treatment replicated three times. The experiments diets included the standard control diet with 0% GLM (T0) containing 100% soybean meal, and four experimental where soybean meal was progressively replaced with Gliricidia leaf meal (GLM) at 25% (T1), 50% (T2), 75% (T3), and 100% (T4). All diets were subjected to proximate analysis. Results showed that slaughter weight differed significantly (P<0.05). The T1 with 25% inclusion of GLM achieved the highest and slaughter weight 2038.2 g, respectively. In addition, the 25% inclusion had the highest DP (70.0%) and breast weight (398.3 g). High Dry Matter (DM) was observed in chickens fed T1 (26.8% of GLM) and the trend decreased as the level of GLM inclusion increased in the diet. The CP levels were highest in 25% GLM inclusion 26.2%. The highest EE, was observed in 75% GLM (1.4%). Furthermore; the results indicated that meat color differed significantly in terms of yellowness (p<0.05). Breast and drumstick had the highest yellowness values and were observed in 100% GLM (13.9) and 75% GLM (12.1), respectively. The highest cooking loss was observed in 100% GLM (33.1%). Low meat pH was exhibited in treatment with 50% GLM (pH=5.9). The study concluded that, replacing a portion of SBM with GLM up to 75% did not alter the carcass yield, most of the meat chemical composition and overall meat quality.

VL  - 9
IS  - 4
ER  -

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